Patient Monitoring

The patient monitoring system enables continuous monitoring of the patient's vital signs, supports decision-making among medical staff, and helps improve patient care. This system may consist of devices that measure, display, and record human vital signs, including body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and other health-related criteria.

Classification 

The follow-up can be classified according to the objective of interest, which includes:

• Cardiac monitoring, which generally refers to continuous electrocardiography with assessment of the patient's condition in relation to their heart rhythm. A small monitor worn by an outpatient for this purpose is known as a Holter monitor.
• Hemodynamic monitoring, which monitors blood pressure and blood flow within the circulatory system. Blood pressure can be measured invasively through an inserted blood pressure transducer assembly or non-invasively with an inflatable blood pressure cuff.
• Respiratory monitoring, such as:Pulse oximetry that involves the measurement of the saturated percentage of oxygen in the blood, called SpO2, and measured with an infrared finger cuff.
• The respiratory rate monitored as such is called AWRR or airway respiratory rate); Respiratory rate monitoring via chest transducer belt, ECG channel, or capnography
• Neurological monitoring, such as intracranial pressure. In addition, there are special patient monitors that incorporate monitoring of brain waves (electroencephalography), anesthetic gas concentrations, bispectral index (BIS), etc. They are usually incorporated into anesthesia machines. In neurosurgical intensive care units, brain EEG monitors have a larger multi-channel capacity and can also monitor other physiological events.
• Blood glucose monitoring
• Monitoring of body temperature through an adhesive pad containing a thermoelectric transducer.
• Cancer therapy monitoring through circulating tumor cells.